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Mind games fall into three main categories of human behavior: # a largely conscious struggle for psychological one-upmanship, often employing passive–aggressive behavior to specifically demoralize or empower the thinking subject, making the aggressor look superior; also referred to as "power games".〔Gita Mammen, ''After Abuse'' (2006) p. 29〕 # the unconscious games played by people engaged in ulterior transactions of which they are not fully aware, and which transactional analysis considers to form a central element of social life all over the world.〔Eric Berne, ''Games People Play'' (1966) p. 45〕 # mental exercises designed to improve the functioning of mind and/or personality; see also brain teasers or puzzles. ==Conscious one-upmanship== The term ''mind games'' was first used in 1968.〔 (Google ngrams )〕 Mind games in the sense of the struggle for prestige〔Jacques Lacan, ''Ecrits: A Selection'' (London 1997) p. 68〕 appear in everyday life in the fields of office politics, sport, and relationships. Played most intensely perhaps by Type A personalities, office mind games are often hard to identify clearly, as strong management blurs with over-direction, healthy rivalry with manipulative head-games and sabotage.〔A-M Quigg, ''Bullying in the Arts'' (2011) p. 201〕 The wary salesman will be consciously and unconsciously prepared to meet a variety of challenging mind games and put-downs in the course of their work.〔David P. Snyder, ''How to Mind-Read your Customers'' (2001) p. 59〕 The serious sportsman will also be prepared to meet a variety of gambits and head-games from their rivals, attempting meanwhile to tread the fine line between competitive psychology and paranoia.〔A. P. Sands, ''The Psychology of Gamesmanship'' (2010) p. 2〕 In intimate relationships, mind games can be used to undermine one partner's belief in the validity of their own perceptions.〔Kathleen J, Ferraro, ''Neither Angels nor Demons'' (2006) p. 82〕 Personal experience may be denied and driven from memory;〔R. D. Laing, ''The Politics of Experience'' (Penguin 1984) p. 31〕 and such abusive mind games may extend to denial of the victim's reality, social undermining, and the trivializing of what is felt to be important.〔Laurie Maguire, ''Where there's a Will there's a Way'' (London 2007) p. 76〕 Both sexes have equal opportunities for such verbal coercion,〔Kate Fillion, ''Lip Service'' (London 1997) p. 244〕 which may be carried out unconsciously as a result of the need to maintain one's own self-deception.〔R. D. Laing, ''Self and Others'' (Penguin 1969) p. 143〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mind games」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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